February 2008
Volume 4 Issue 2, ISSN 1938-7466
The
California Golf Course Superintendents E-Magazine, a monthly publication
for the California GCSA Membership.
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February 2008
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California E-Magazine Supporter
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Advertising space still available; ADVERTISING RATE CHARTS |
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Interest Articles:
* CGCSA News! * 2008 California Hospitality Suite * Online Membership Directory * 2008 CGCSA Annual Conference, Trade show & Golf Championship * California GCSA Government Relations Network * Job Opportunities * GCSAA "News"
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IRS - came calling
2008 California Hospitality Suite 
Howl At The Moon / Orlando Thursday, January 31, 2008 Time: 6:30 - 9:30 PM
Online Membership Directory The California Membership Directory is now available at: www.calgcsadir.org All Six chapter membership databases. 2008 California GCSA Annual Conference, Trade Show & Golf Championship! The 2008 Annual Conference will be held in Southern California, November 2008, date tbd Keep Checking the Annual Conference web page for updates! http://www.californiagcsa.org/annual_mtg.htm California GCSA Government Relations Report Visit the California GCSA Government Relation Web Page >>>> for more information California Government Relations Network Alert! Jim Husting, CGCS California GCSA Government Relations Chairman jchust@sbcglobal.net Jim Husting, CGCS has applied for membership in the Off-road Implementation Advisory for the In-Use Off-road Diesel Vehicle Regulation. Jim will represent the California Golf Course Superintendents. ARB staff would like to form an off-road implementation advisory group
(ORIAG), which will be an informal committee established by staff to assist
it in implementing the in-use off-road diesel vehicle regulation (the regulation).
ARB staff is committed to the successful implementation of the regualtion,
and believes that success begins by working cooperatively with stakeholders
throughout the implementation process. Staff is looking for the ORIAG to
help fine tune our outreach, training, and implementation strategies and
materials, and help make staff more aware of the needs and opinions of
affected stakeholders.
>>>> for more information Lobbyist: George Steffes / Capitol Partners, Inc. >>>> Web Site "Job Opportunities" New Jobs Posted Jan. 25th
Job Opportunities for all other
positions, is not password protected.
"GCSAA News" The Golf Course Superintendents Association of America (GCSAA) has announced the official slate of candidates for its 2008 elections. Voting members will elect three officers and two directors at the 2008 Annual Meeting, Friday, Feb. 1, held in conjunction with the 2008 GCSAA Education Conference (Jan. 28-Feb. 2) and Golf Industry Show (Jan. 31-Feb. 2) in Orlando. The following individuals will appear on the ballot: Note: The title “CGCS,” after a superintendent's name, stands for Certified Golf Course Superintendent, which recognizes the achievement of high standards of professionalism through education and experience. For president:
For vice president:
For secretary/treasurer:
For director (electing two):
John J. O'Keefe, CGCS, director of golf course management at Preakness Hills Country Club in Wayne, N.J. Sanford G. Queen, CGCS, manager of golf operations for the city of Overland Park, Kan. Keith A. Ihms, CGCS at Country Club of Little Rock in Little Rock, Ark., will remain on the board with one year remaining in his two-year director's term. Ricky D. Heine, CGCS, general manager and director of grounds at The Golf Club Star Ranch in Austin, Texas, will serve on the board for one year as immediate past president. Sean A. Hoolehan, CGCS at Wildhorse Resort & Casino on the Umatilla Indian Reservation in Oregon, is retiring from the board of directors after serving the last year as immediate past president.
Although we will not satisfy our initial hope of identifying a new CEO in time to make an announcement at the Golf Industry Show in Orlando, we have made good progress in the search for a replacement for Steve. The board has interviewed eight candidates face-to-face, and agreed upon a short list to continue in the process. Due to board commitments to represent the association at BIGGA, our own tournament, conference and show and the USGA annual meeting, as well as board orientation, the earliest that we could possibly schedule the next phase of interviews would be mid-February. Recognizing that our timeline would extend beyond the annual election, the board determined that the current board will continue to serve as the selection committee, with the addition of the new director(s). Thus, I (Ricky) will remain as chair of the CEO selection committee, and Sean Hoolehan will remain a member upon his retirement from the board. Obviously, both GCSAA and the candidates require complete confidentiality at this point in the process, so no names will be forthcoming. If you hear any rumors about potential candidates, you may treat them as that – just rumors. GCSAA Chapter Discussions Southern Nevada chapter leaders joined the board for a reception and dinner, and participated in a portion of the meeting. Chapter president Jon Valentine gave a presentation outlining the top three challenges that chapter members face, the chapter’s top three concerns regarding GCSAA, and successes enjoyed by the chapter and its members. The group also discussed the series of questions posed by the Chapter Relations Committee regarding chapter effectiveness. Interestingly, the guests’ comments echoed the board’s discussions the previous afternoon about the potential benefits of a regional staffing representation concept. For the Spring Board Meeting, staff is developing a business plan to test a regional office concept, including baseline data and proposed targets for success that factor into GCSAA’s overall strategic indicators. GCSAA 2008 Business Plan and Budget Pending membership approval of the proposed dues increase, combined expenses for GCSAA and GCSAA Communications Inc. will top 2007 expenses by 8.4%. A total of $22 million is budgeted to deliver all the programs, services and initiatives planned for 2008. The proposed dues increase ($20 for Class A and SM, and $10 for Class C) would fund only a portion of the planned increase. Other sources include increased industry support accomplished through the implementation of the Partnership Recognition Program, as well as $1.35 million from strategic reserves, targeted specifically for the second year of the GCSAA and Class A positioning campaign. In several areas, resources were reallocated to focus more specifically on achieving the strategic indicators’ 2008 targets. http://www.gcsaa.org/cm/contentm/modules/display_dynamic.ahtml?params=MSwxMywwMDAwMC4wMDAwMS4wMDAwOA== Specifically, resources were increased in the following
areas:
** Launching a test regional office to support chapter effectiveness and ultimately improve membership growth and retention and participation in GCSAA programs. ** Development of curriculum and delivery mechanisms to make GCSAA education continually more relevant, valuable, affordable and accessible, in order to increase participation. ** Development of employer outreach programs to increase the awareness of and value attached to the GCSAA Class A credential, and ultimately increase Class A membership, participation and salaries. ** Improving communication of environmentally related research results and education opportunities in order to demonstrate the leadership role that GCSAA and The Environmental Institute for Golf are taking in the industry. ** Diversity efforts to position GCSAA to positively impact the golf course management profession and the game of golf, long term. To fund increased efforts in the areas listed above, other resource allocations were decreased from 2007 levels as follows: ** Some of the funding for chapter support services is being redirected to test field staffing based in a regional office. ** No new online or self-study programs will be developed in 2008. Instead, E-Learning is focusing on delivering webcast programs and the existing online courses. ** Staff and the Golf Industry Show partners are implementing less time-intensive planning processes to drive trade show traffic for the 2009 event in New Orleans. ** State-level government relations are changing from a proactive approach to a reactive approach, focusing the majority of GR resources on the national level. ** Career counseling is being outsourced, allowing staff to focus on
employer relations.
** Internal human resources is transitioning to more of a self-serve setup, using online access to benefit providers.
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GCSA of Central California, None Scheduled GCSA of Southern California,
February
26, 2008
GCSA of Northern California, , "GCSANC Regional Seminars" February 11 - 12, 2008 Online Meeting Registration:
Hi-Lo Desert GCSA, February 26, 2008; Meeting & Golf Onlline Registration:
San Diego GCSA, January 14, 2008, Affiliate Appreciation Day Golf Tournament, Online Registration: https://californiagcsa.org/sdgcsa-jan-secure-reg-form.htm
Sierra Nevada GCSA, None Scheduled |
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GCSAA's live education webcasts will be 90 minutes long and will take place at the computer of your choice. To increase the event's interaction, we recommend the use of a microphone, but you can ask questions and participate using the text chat feature. Visit the system check today to learn more about what's required and test your system, free of charge. Member price: $45 Non-member price: $60 Chapter price: $300 Education points:0.2 GCSAA's live education Webcasts Series; All Webcast times are Central. 02/05/08 Taking Control of Green Speed Lite
2:00pm
To register today, use our online shopping cart. From the details
description page, select "Add to Cart" from the quick facts box
to put your course in a shopping cart.
Visit the ON DEMAND Webcast events, Choose any of our recorded webcasts - view them when you want and as many times as you want (within one year from purchase.) For Details; visit the GCSAA Webcast ON DEMAND Address: http://www.gcsaa.org/education/webcast/webcast.aspx
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Like a chef, golf course superintendents know the difference between good and great is often a pinch of this or a pinch of that. Key points:
For the superintendent, that extra touch often comes in the form of topdressing. Topdressing involves working amendments such as sand or peat into and through the surface of the turf. Topdressing greens is nothing new to golf course maintenance. In fact, Old Tom Morris began to apply sand to his greens in 1875 to make them firm and smooth. Most superintendents believe topdressing is a necessary part of keeping greens healthy. It builds a healthier soil profile while helping to level and smooth irregularities on the green. It also fills in ball marks and other minor imperfections on the playing surface. Not only does topdressing make for a better putting surface, it also helps the grass by absorbing the rainfall and prevents baking in hot, dry weather. Relatively heavy topdressing applications are routinely used to smooth and level the surface of newly seeded greens during grow-in and on newly sodded greens. A heavy application also can be used to provide a degree of protection to the turf and prevent it from drying out during the winter. It can also improve consistency among greens on older courses that have been renovated and possess a variety of greens built from different materials. The primary objectives of topdressing include: 1) Smooth surface, finer-textured turf, with tighter, more upright growth.
In the past few years, superintendents have recognized benefits of topdressing lightly and with greater frequency. Some have even taken topdressing one-step further and began to topdress fairways. Supporters of fairway topdressing say it can provide thatch control, a firmer playing surface between drain lines and leveling and smoothing of the surface. This allows fairways to be mowed lower without scalping on undulations. Of course, this is an added expense that must be taken into consideration. As the effort to emphasize environmental stewardship continues to grow, so has the popularity of two new topdressing materials -- compost and crumb rubber. Composted grass clippings and other organic byproducts used as topdressing can save money while improving turf establishment, density and color. Those who have used crumb rubber say it improves turf's wear resistance by forming a layer that protects the crown against heavy traffic. Crumb rubber is created by grinding up discarded rubber products such as tires and tennis shoes. But unlike some maintenance practices, superintendents realize that topdressing is not a program to be started for a year or so and then discontinued. A one-year trial of topdressing deposits a discrete sand layer into the soil that will become covered with thatch within a few years unless the program is continued. This can also limit root growth while slowing the movement of water through the green. Another element of topdressing superintendents must take into account is the cost of topdressing equipment and high-quality sand. There are other disadvantages with this practice, including the potential for temporary, but significant injury to the grass blades. While some golf course superintendents have been cautious about adopting sand topdressing, many others follow the practice faithfully. Superintendents generally adapt the program to the specific needs of individual greens and fairways. Through sound research, field observation and experience, the challenging task of topdressing can be made easier for all superintendents, thus giving the golfer and their flat stick that added flavor of success. Presented by the Golf Course Superintendents Association
of America
As winter starts to give way to spring-like temperatures, the desire to hit the golf course intensifies. It also signals a change in golf course management activities that can affect one's game and the conditions found on the course. Key points:
In many regions of the country, golfers occasionally face frost delays in the spring, thus pushing back starting tee times. When frost is present golf course superintendents delay play until the frost has melted. This is done to prevent damage that affects the quality of the playing surface and could potentially be very expensive to repair. Frost is basically frozen dew that has crystallized on the grass, making it hard and brittle. A grass blade is actually 90 percent water, therefore it also freezes. Because of the short mowing height (sometimes as low as 1/8 inch) and fragile nature of the turf, putting greens are most affected by frost. Walking on frost-covered greens causes the plant to break and cell walls to rupture, thereby losing its ability to function normally. When the membrane is broken, much like an egg, it cannot be put back together. Golfers who ignore frost delays will not see immediate damage. The proof generally comes 48-72 hours later as the plant leaves turn brown and die. The result is a thinning of the putting surface and a weakening of the plant. The greens in turn become more susceptible to disease and weeds. While it may not appear to be much of an issue if a foursome begins play early on frost covered greens, consider the number of footprints that may occur on any given hole by one person is approximately 60. Multiply that by 18 holes with an average of 200 rounds per day and the result is 216,000 footprints on greens in a day or 6,480,000 in a month. As golf enthusiasts superintendents do not like to delay play, but they are more concerned about turf damage and the quality if conditions for the golfer. Frost also creates a hardship on a golf facility's staff as all course preparations are put to a halt until thawing occurs. Golf carts can cause considerable damage, therefore personnel cannot maneuver around the course to mow, change cup positions, collect range balls, etc. One technique employed to reduce possible frost damage is to raise the cutting height of mowers to create a hardier surface. It may also be possible to reroute play to holes where the frost melts more quickly. But regardless of these methods, the best medicine is for all to understand the hows and whys of the delay and in turn gain a greater appreciation for the golf course. It would also be wise to give the course a phone call before heading out to play to see if tee times have been pushed back due to frost. Presented by the Golf Course Superintendents Association
of America
Turf Winter Tips for: Bermudagrass -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mowing Remove lawn debris (rocks, sticks, and leaves) to ensure proper greenup in the spring. Fertilization
Weed Control
Watering
Turf Winter Tips for: Tall Fescue ---------------------------------------------------------------- Mowing Mow to 3 inches and remove leaves and other debris. Fertilization
Weed Control
Watering
Maintain and follow labels on all pesticide containers. Store pesticides only in original containers, or make sure the new container is properly labeled. Store like pesticides together. For example, store herbicides with herbicides, and fungicides with fungicides. Keep containers closed tightly. Watch for damaged containers. Store separately pesticides which may be flammable. Maintain an up-to-date inventory of pesticides. Purchase only the amount you need. Comply with Emergency Planning and Right-to-Know regulations. Triple-rinse empty containers and puncture, crush, and recycle them. You can also take them to an approved landfill. Apply the rinsate to a labeled site at no more than labeled rates, or
save rinsate and use it to make up water for similar applications.
News from the UCR Turfgrass Program For the complete report, including all data, please see the February 2008 “News” which is available on the UCR Turf website (http://ucrturf.ucr.edu) under “Publications”.
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Omaha, Neb. (January 15, 2008) – Through the pioneering efforts of the Ethanol Promotion and Information Council (EPIC), ethanol is expanding its outreach in the technological proving ground of motorsports. E85, a blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline, will make its appearance in 2008 as a fuel alternative in the American Le Mans Series. There will be two automotive manufactures that will run E85 during the 2008 season, Corvette Racing and Aston Martin Racing. “This is the first time a racing series has made a commitment to E85, the highest performing fuel available to consumers with flex-fuel vehicles,” said Reece Nanfito, senior director of marketing for EPIC. “In addition to the Series making E85 available, EPIC will have a direct sponsorship of the two E85-fueled Corvette Racing entries. Having such an American icon racing on E85 will go a long way to demonstrate and promote E85 use nationwide.” In the 2007 season, the American Le Mans Series chose E10 as its “official ethanol-enriched fuel” of the series. But this fuel is not exclusive to the race track. E10 is a blend of 90 percent gasoline and 10 percent ethanol and is widely available at many gas stations across the country. Today, more than 6 million flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs) are on the road and E85 is available at more than 1400 stations, from coast-to-coast, with more stations opening every day. "By showcasing the capabilities of E85 ethanol before an audience of knowledgeable and technically astute race fans, we can demonstrate the benefits of a renewable fuel that helps to reduce dependence on petroleum, helps to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, and helps to create greater diversity in energy supplies," Chevrolet General Manager Ed Peper said. "Of course, performance is what counts in racing, so E85 ethanol's higher octane rating than gasoline wasn't overlooked by the Corvette Racing engineers." In its 10th season, the American Le Mans Series is the fastest growing brand of motorsports in the world, featuring cutting-edge sports cars from the most prestigious global automobile manufacturers: Acura, Audi, Corvette, Ferrari, Mazda, Panoz, and Porsche. With the exception of the two Audis running clean diesel, all cars in the American Le Mans Series have the option to use E10 ethanol-enriched gasoline or E85. Through the marketing partnership with EPIC, the series will help spread awareness of E85 in one of the most demanding environments in racing. “EPIC has been at the forefront of the racing industry’s movement toward renewable fuels,” said Nanfito. “This is an opportunity to grow E85 in the consumer arena with a visible demonstration of the high performance aspects of the fuel.” # # # About EPIC:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ethanol Promotion and Information Council · 17220 Wright Street,
Suite 150 Omaha, NE 68130
Victor A. Gibeault, J. Michael Henry and Richard Autio In many functional and aesthetic uses of turfgrasses, the possibility exists for grasses to be used that can adequately perform with lower inputs of resources and cultural practices than that of recreational or high-end aesthetic turfed sites. Examples are industrial, municipal, and many residential lawns, as well as lawns used in cemeteries and other facilities where traffic is not an issue. Such uses of turfgrass require a soil covered by a mowed uniform grass surface to give the functional and aesthetic results that are desired by the California urban/suburban population. Turfgrasses that perform at acceptable levels with low to moderate input of water, nutrients, energy, pest control and maintenance costs may be practical and desirable. These are important considerations given the strain on most public and private budgets as well as concern regarding natural resource use and protection. New grasses have been developed over the past decade that may play a role in low-input-requiring sites. The warm-season turfgrasses, which are well adapted to Southern California, have been improved. To date, there has not been an evaluation of the performance of some of the newer grasses under reduced input cultural treatments. The objective of a study that was conducted at the UC South Coast Research and Extension Center in Irvine was to evaluate various aspects of quality of four turfgrass that were chosen for reduced-input practices, when irrigated with calculated optimum and less than optimum irrigation regimes and maintained with varying moderate to low level of nitrogen fertilization. During the study, the seeded bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.)] was
noted to performed abnormally and, on examination, a bermudagrass mite
(Eriophyes cynodoniensis Sayed) infestation was identified so the species
was removed from the study. Over the three year period, tall fescue (Festuca
arundinacea Schreb.) decreased in turfgrass quality, color and density,
especially for the lower input treatments. Buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides
(Nutt.)] and zoysiagrass (Zoysia Willd.) were shown to offer the best opportunity
for performance with reduced irrigation input. Zoysiagrass quality and
biomass production were the same at 100% and 70% of calculated evapotranspiration
for warm-season turfgrasses while buffalograss retained cover and competitiveness
at 40% of calculated evapotranspiration for warm-season turfgrasses. Buffalograss
performance responded strongly to increased nitrogen fertilization while
zoysiagrass was less influenced by increasing rates of nitrogen.
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Manage and identify insects, mites, diseases, nematodes, weeds, and vertebrates Homes, gardens, landscapes, and turf (including Pest Notes)
Weather data and products
Research tools and databases: California pesticide use summaries |
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For the latest Weekly Turf Diseases found in California, visit: http://www.californiagcsa.org/turf_research.htm PACE TURF MANAGEMENT CHECKLIST FOR SUMMER Preventive Approach Advised by PACE TURFGRASS RESEARCH INSTITUTE A copy of this article is posted in the PACE Newsroom at: www.paceturf.org For more information, Call: (858) 272-9897, Email gelernt@paceturf.org OR visit the PACE web site www.paceturf.org |
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Golf course superintendents are always looking for innovative ways to minimize the amount of water used on their courses. Efficient water use on golf courses is dependent upon several factors, most notably the irrigation practices of the turf manager and performance of the irrigation system. Proper design and installation are critical for an irrigation system to perform effectively. Hydraulics, nozzle selection, control capabilities and climate all must be considered in the design process. The adjustment of pumps and regulators, and the replacement of worn nozzles or other damaged components must be ongoing. Key points:
Outdated systems present additional challenges as aging hardware results in major failures of pumps, controllers and mainlines, causing the loss of large areas of turf. To counter such problems, many superintendents make it a daily routine to spot standing water, repair leaks and adjust controllers – to correct areas that are too dry or too wet. Techniques to maximize irrigation efficiency include adjusting sprinkler head spacing for uniform coverage, tailoring nozzle size to the soil texture and utilizing individual sprinkler head control to ensure flexible scheduling. Turf professionals invest a great deal of time and money into superior irrigation systems to reduce the amount of water, as well as money, spent on the course. What more can be done? Some superintendents opt to upgrade hardware or invest in a completely new system altogether, while others have decided on irrigation auditors, who help budget management costs. Applying a wetting agent ensures that water penetrates the soil. Studies show that without a wetting agent, 30 to 70 percent of applied water never reaches the root of the plant. Wetting agents reduce the surface tension of the water being applied, reducing runoff and evaporation. Another effective irrigation practice uses a central computer controller or satellite systems to manage irrigation. The central control and satellite control systems on the market today allow superintendents to budget water and determine which areas of the course have special irrigation needs. There are even systems that can be connected to weather and soil moisture monitors. These systems only water turf when necessary. Whatever method is used, the golfer can be sure of one thing – the superintendent has dotted every “I” and crossed every “T” when it comes to resourcefully irrigating their course. Presented by the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America
Determining the appropriate level of irrigation for an area of turfgrass is vital to the health of the plant and the preservation of water quality. Underirrigating produces wilt and desiccation. Overirrigating increases the potential for leaching and surface runoff and weakens the turf making it more prone to pest attacks and environmental stress. A properly designed and installed irrigation system will apply a uniform level of water at the desired rate and time. The amount and frequency of irrigation should be based on the needs of the grass, soil conditions, and expected weather conditions. The goal is to wet the soil to a depth just below the existing root zone to encourage further rooting. Watering deeper than that does not benefit the plant and, as mentioned above, may leach contaminants into the groundwater. While it is obvious that a plant needs a certain amount of moisture to function, determining the amount and frequency of water to apply is not that easy. Several programs have been developed to aid irrigation scheduling. Consumptive use approaches to irrigation are based on the premise that
evaporation from water exposed to the atmosphere is proportional to the
amount released from the plant. Temperature, wind, relative humidity, and
soil moisture are all factors that determine the amount of water available
for use by the plant.
Irrigation BMPs Water to a depth just below the root system. If you observe runoff, shut the system off and wait for the existing water to enter the soil. Go back and rewet until the water reaches the appropriate depth. Do not irrigate again until you see visual signs of wilt or footprinting. A soil probe can aid in the visual estimate of moisture content. Sloped areas, compacted soils, and sandy soils need to be irrigated in short, frequent intervals. Water in the early morning for best results. If you must water in the evening, allow sufficient time for the leaves to dry before nightfall to lessen the chance of disease. Avoid mid-afternoon watering to reduce loss from evaporation. Do not be alarmed at brown, withered leaves as a result of drought. These are normal signs of dormancy on cool season grasses. Lawns allowed to go dormant should be watered every three weeks in the absence of rainfall to prevent injury to grasses due to heat and drying. Do not plan to water a surface before it is used by heavy traffic. Heavy traffic on a wet soil leads to compaction, which may lead to runoff. Periodically test the irrigation system to make sure it is producing
an acceptable level of uniformity.
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 Agrium
Advanced Technologies Introduces Exciting New Fertilizer Product, XCU™
Agrium Advanced Technologies has made a strong commitment to “Smarter
Ways To Grow” and an even greater emphasis on the further advancement of
coating capabilities and innovations. And now, at the Golf Industry
Show (GIS) in Orlando, Fla., January 31- February 2, 2008, Agrium Advanced
Technologies has the opportunity to demonstrate that promise with the launch
of its first new product, XCU™.
“At Agrium Advanced Technologies, we’re driven by passionate innovation,
and XCU is our latest and most exciting result,” explains John Johnson,
Agrium Advanced Technologies’ director of marketing. “Thanks to an
innovative, proprietary coating process, XCU is an improvement over all
other sulfur-coated products. We are truly at the cutting edge of
innovation.”
“XCU is unique in that this product represents a blending of economics with agronomics,” says Bill Boycott, president of Agrium Advanced Technologies. “In this way, distributors, formulators and end users alike will benefit from XCU. Some of the benefits include 10% more storage space, 10% more freight savings and 10% more plant throughput. As well, its special manufacturing makes XCU more concentrated and more flowable, so our end users can cover up to three more acres per ton.” The thousands of attendees as this year’s GIS will have the first opportunity
to learn more about Agrium Advanced Technologies’ exciting new fertilizer.
Magician Seth Kramer will be on hand once again at the Agrium booth to
entertain guests, and Agrium team members will be ready to share information
about XCU and the entire family of Agrium Advanced Technologies slow- and
controlled-release products.
About Agrium Advanced Technologies
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Also check the CGCSA Web Site Golf Products Directory for a listing of products, services & companies. For information on advertising in this E-Magazine,
please contact: Email:
Bob
Tillema, CGCS
California GCSA Web Page 
For questions concerning delivery
of this newsletter, please contact the California GCSA at: Toll Free: (866)
643-8707
To receive the "California GCSA
Monthly E-Magazine", Please Sign up!
Editor, Troy Mullane, Publisher, Robert
J Tillema, CGCS
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© 2005-2006 California GCSA., All Rights Reserved.
This article is protected by United States copyright and other intellectual
property laws and
may not be reproduced, rewritten, distributed, re-disseminated,
transmitted, displayed, published or broadcast, directly or indirectly,
in any medium
without the prior written permission of California Golf
Course Superintendents Association.
Patrick
R. Finlen, CGCS, Director of Golf Course Maintenance Operations at The
Olympic Club in San Francisco
