July 2008
Volume 4 Issue 7, ISSN 1938-7466
        The California Golf Course Superintendents E-Magazine, a monthly publication for the California GCSA Membership.

 
Contents
E-Magazine Supporter:

 


 






California E-Magazine Supporter



























 


 


 
 
 


 
 
 
 



Advertising space still available; ADVERTISING RATE CHARTS
        E-MagazinePage 2 of 7
Special Interest Articles

*    CGCSA News!

*    US Open Highlights, inside the ropes!

*   2008 California GCSA Annual Conference

*   2009 California Hospitality Suite, New Orleans

*   Online Membership Directory 

*   California GCSA Government Relations Network 

*   Job Opportunities

*   GCSAA "News"

*  Golf Industry News
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

"California GCSA News"

California GCSA Board of Directors Webcast Meeting is scheduled for August 7, 2008. 
Time 10:00 am PST, location at the Board Members Computer.



US Open Highlights, inside the ropes!

Torrey Pines Golf Course
San Diego, Ca

Three California Superintendents: Tim Powers, CGCS, Jessie Creencia, CGCS & Cord Ozment, CGCS

OPEN Photos for your enjoyment! 



2008 California GCSA Annual Conference, Trade Show & Golf Championship!
The 2008 Annual Conference will be held at the Morongo Resort in Cabazon, CA, November 9 -11, 2008
Keep Checking the Annual Conference web page for updates! http://www.californiagcsa.org/annual_mtg.htm

Nearby attractions, (for the wife and kids)!

East Valley Golf Club >>> Link



California GCSA Blog Center
Click Here


2009 California Hospitality Suite
New Orleans, LA
Harrah's Casino
Feb. 5, 2009
6:30 pm - 9:30 pm
By request, the Hospitality Suite will not have any entertainment or music, except for very soft and low volume house speaker background music.
Harrah's Casino is approx. 4-5 blocks from the New Orleans Convention Center.
228 Poydras Street, New Orleans, LA 70130 (504)533-6000



Online Membership Directory
The California Membership Directory is now available at:
www.calgcsadir.org


California GCSA Government Relations Report
Visit the California GCSA Government Relation Web Page >>>> for more information
California Government Relations Network Alert!
Jim Husting, CGCS
California GCSA
Government Relations Chairman
jchust@sbcglobal.net

>>>> for more information
Lobbyist: George Steffes / Capitol Partners, Inc. >>>> Web Site
---------------------------------------------
CGCSA Legislative Update

Link to: CGCSA Legislative Update 

Here are the latest “hot” bills we are watching. Please pay close attention to AB 2175 as this bill is morphing into something quite interesting. Remember to access the pdf file on State Net the login is sxstefth and text.

James C. Husting, CGCS
Chairman, Government Relations
California GCSA
jchust@sbcglobal.net

Capitol Partners 
CGCSA 
 Fri Jun 20 09:04:03 2008

Bill
 Summary
 Latest Action

CA AB 815 
Berryhill 

Medium
 Hunting or Fishing 
Provides that the state fully occupies the field of hunting and fishing. Provides that unless otherwise expressly authorized by the Fish and Game Code or other state or federal law, the Fish and Game Commission and the Department of Fish and Game are the only entities that may adopt regulations regarding the taking of fish and game on any lands or waters within the state. 

06/18/2008 : 

·  From SENATE Committee on NATURAL RESOURCES AND WATER with author's amendments. 

·  In SENATE. Read second time and amended. Re-referred to Committee on NATURAL RESOURCES AND WATER. 

CA AB 877 
Parra 

Hot
 San Joaquin Valley: Water Supply 
Requires the Department of Water Resources to study the economic impacts of water supply reduction in specified counties in the San Joaquin Valley, and to report its findings to the Legislature. Includes the Counties of Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Tulare. 

07/10/2007 : 

·  In SENATE Committee on NATURAL RESOURCES AND WATER: Not heard. 

CA AB 1602
Nunez 

Medium
 Environment: Sustainable Communities 
Establishes the sustainable communities and urban greening grant program. Grants to local public agencies and nonprofit organizations for the purpose of improving the sustainability and liability of communities through the development of green infrastructure that provides multiple benefits, including improved air and water quality, energy and water conservation, climate change mitigation and recreational and other community benefits. 

06/14/2007 : 

·  To SENATE Committee on ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. 

CA AB 2046
Jones 

Hot
Watch
 Water Supply Assessments: Groundwater 
Relates to the local approval of a subdivision map that includes groundwater treatment plans. Amends existing law that requires a city or county that determines a project is subject to the California Environmental Quality Act to identify any public water system that may supply water for the project. Requires the assessment to include specified related information. Provides a water source plan only include groundwater that meets applicable standards. Relates to groundwater sources planning requirements. 

06/18/2008 : 

·  From SENATE Committee on LOCAL GOVERNMENT: Do pass to Committee on NATURAL RESOURCES AND WATER. 

CA AB 2175 
Laird 

Hot
Watch
 Water Conservation 
Requires the state to achieve a specified reductions in urban per capita water use and in agricultural water conservation by specified dates. Requires each urban water supplier to reduce its per capita water use. Requires the establishment of a statewide numeric water conservation target for agricultural water use by the Department of Water Resources. Requires the department to submit a preliminary water use reduction and conservation savings report. 

06/17/2008 : 

·  From SENATE Committee on NATURAL RESOURCES AND WATER with author's amendments. 

·  In SENATE. Read second time and amended. Re-referred to Committee on NATURAL RESOURCES AND WATER. 

CA AB 2222
Caballero 

Hot
Watch
 Groundwater Quality Monitoring 
Requires the public advisory committee and interagency task force established under the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 to identify and recommend to the Legislature funding options to extend the comprehensive monitoring program for assessment of ground water basins. Requires the State Water Resources Board to submit a prescribed report. Requires the board to provide an opportunity for public comment to finalizing the report. 

06/16/2008 : 

·  From SENATE Committee on ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: Do pass as amended to Committee on APPROPRIATIONS. 

CA SB 27
Simitian 

Medium
Watch
 Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta 
Requires the Office of Emergency Services to prepare an educational pamphlet for use by certain personnel in schools to identify risks posed by flooding due to levee failure in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Requires the Delta Protection Commission to implement certain emergency management and preparation recommendations for near-term actions. Requires the Department of Water Resources and the Central Valley Flood Protection Board to stockpile emergency response materials to fix breaches in delta levees. 

06/17/2008 : 

·  From ASSEMBLY Committee on WATER, PARKS AND WILDLIFE with author's amendments. 

·  In ASSEMBLY. Read second time and amended. Re-referred to Committee on WATER, PARKS AND WILDLIFE. 

CA SB 258 
Ducheny 

Medium
Watch
 Water Use Fees 
Requires the State Water Resources Control Board, as part of the preparation of the Governor's Budget submitted in January 2008, to prepare and submit a report to the Legislature with regard to the alternatives for financing the Division of Water Rights. 

06/25/2007 : 

·  From ASSEMBLY Committee on WATER, PARKS AND WILDLIFE with author's amendments. 

·  In ASSEMBLY. Read second time and amended. Re-referred to Committee on WATER, PARKS AND WILDLIFE. 

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Copyright 2008 State Net. All rights reserved

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"Job Opportunities"

New Jobs Posted May 17th
California GCSA "Superintendents" Job Opportunities Web Page:
>>>> Superintendents Job Page
The "Superintendents, Job Opportunities" Members Only Area Web Page is password protected.
MEMBERS ONLY may request user name & password from rtillema@comcast.net

Job Opportunities for all other golf course positions, is not password protected.
>>>> Other jobs Page


"GCSAA News"


GCSAA expands TGIF access to all member superintendents




The most comprehensive index of turfgrass information in existence is now available at the touch of a button to all GCSAA Class A and Superintendent Members. 

Through an agreement between the Golf Course Superintendents Association of American (GCSAA) and Michigan State University's Turfgrass Information Center, the Turfgrass Information File (TGIF) can be accessed by Superintendent Members along with Class A members, who were given access in 2007. GCSAA Class A and Superintendent Members can enter the TGIF through the GCSAA Web site at http://www.gcsaa.org/solutions/TGIF.aspx or by clicking on Solutions/Tools on the left-hand side of the gcsaa.org homepage and then clicking on Turfgrass Information File (TGIF).



Pesticide License or GCSAA IPM Exam Requirement
This requirement was developed to demonstrate the commitment that golf course superintendents have to environmental stewardship. While not every golf course superintendent applies chemicals, it was agreed that all Class A members should have a basic understanding of the concepts related to this competency. 

Two options are available to document this requirement:

1. Provide a copy of your state pesticide license or

2. Successfully complete a GCSAA-developed IPM Exam. This exam will test on the basic principles of safe pesticide storage, disposal and application. The exam and its study materials are currently available for a $40 test fee. And can be taken as an online exam or a proctored paper-based exam.  If you choose the Online Exam option you may order online now or you can call us at 800-472-7878.

After you enroll, you will have access to the study guide right away. You can print this material or view it online. The online exam is 100 multiple choice or fill-in-the blank questions. It is divided into three sections of equal length that you can complete independently.

The GCSAA Integrated Pest Management Study Manual, along with other reference materials of your choice, may be used during the examination. The use of a pocket calculator is also permitted. You may not solicit help from other outside agencies such as members or superintendents in completing the exam.

The score for each section of the exam will be transmitted electronically to GCSAA. You will be notified of your score by email within five business days. You can also contact us if you have questions at any time.
 

IPM examinations administration guidelines 


"Golf Industry News"







 
E-Magazine                            Page 3 of 7
July 2008 "Regional Chapters Meetings"

GCSA of Central California, July 16, 2008, Monthly Meeting
Online Meeting Registration: https://californiagcsa.org/gcsacc-secure-reg-form.htm


GCSA of Southern California, Monday, July 21, 2008 
Hi-Lo Desert GCSA  & GCSA of Southern California Joint Meeting 
Online Meeting Registration: https://californiagcsa.org/hi-lo-socal-joint-secure-reg-form.htm



GCSA of Northern California, Wednesday, July 30, 2008,  Crew Appreciation Day
Online Meeting Registration: http://www.californiagcsa.org/gcsanc-july2008-secure-reg-form.htm



Hi-Lo Desert GCSA, Monday, July 21, 2008 
Hi-Lo Desert GCSA  & GCSA of Southern California Joint Meeting
Online Meeting Registration: https://californiagcsa.org/hi-lo-socal-joint-secure-reg-form.htm



San Diego GCSA, July 24, 2008, Just For Fun Golf Tournament 
 Online Registration: https://californiagcsa.org/sdgcsa-just-for-fun-registration-form.htm


Sierra Nevada GCSA, July 14, 2008, Catta Verdera C.C.
Online Meeting Registration: https://californiagcsa.org/sierranevada-secure-reg-form.htm

Green Industry Events & Education

 
Save the Date!

What:  UCR Turfgrass & Landscape Research Field Day

Where: Turfgrass Research Center, UCR Agricultural Operations

When: Thursday, September 4, 2008
(Note: Future Field Days will be held on the first Thursday following Labor Day)

Registration: 7:30 am

Tours Begin: 9:00 am

• National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) tall fescue, zoysiagrass, seashore paspalum trials
• Evaluation of species under severe water stress and low maintenance
• Irrigation strategies for water conservation on tall fescue turf
• Breeding and genetics for improved turf quality and stress resistance
• Shade tolerance among turfgrass species/cultivars
• Non-selective vegetation control
• Fate and transport of disinfection byproducts and pharmaceutical/personal care products on turfgrass irrigated with reclaimed water
• Turfgrass disease management
• So, you think you have nematodes? Proper sampling, diagnosis, and action steps
• US Salinity Lab: Expertise in our own backyard
• Palm tree nutrition
• Water requirements of landscape plants

Tours End: 1:00 pm

Lunch: 1:00 pm

DPR and GCSAA credits will be submitted for approval.

Registration forms will be mailed in early August. For more information, please contact Lynne Cochran at 951-827-4430, or lynne.cochran@ucr.edu

E-Magazine                              Page 4 of 7

 
Golf Course Management Tips

CAN YOU AFFORD TO FERTILIZE?
By 
David Piper, CGCS

There is no escaping the rapidly increasing expenses associated with operating a golf course. Rising oil prices have effected the cost of all petroleum based manufactured goods, raw materials such as ammonia, natural gas and sulfur have increased to staggering levels, and the weakening American dollar have significantly impacted the cost of imported goods. Some of these factors have also increased the price of fertilizer yet plant nutrition is vital to a successful management plan. Can our industry continue to afford to fertilize? Are Golf Course Superintendents being forced to jeopardize the basic fundamentals of plant health?  Making good choices before deciding whether fertilizer is a necessity or luxury, could potentially smooth long term economic clumps in the turf. 

Driving the rising fertilizer prices are simple supply and demand equations. The global population continues to prosper creating a hunger for a higher protein diets, China, India and several other countries continue to industrialize with a thirst for almost all raw materials. And corn continues to lead the race in the demand for ethanol based bio fuels. In addition to these variables, high natural gas prices have caused twenty five U.S. ammonia plants to close permanently since fiscal year 1999 creating the foundation for soaring fertilizer prices. 

So how does this impact the Golf Course Superintendents attempting to balance the budget and please the golfer? Fertilizer is a necessity to feed the growing global population and without it people would starve. The fertilizer produced to grow corn, soy beans, and wheat is the same fertilizer produced to grow lawns, parks, and golf courses. It originates from the same pile. U.S. corn was trading for only $2.00 a bushel in 2006 and has increased upward to $6.50 a bushel. Our industry grows turf grass and there is no way to capture the higher fertilizer costs through crop yields. Fertilizer has become more expensive but eliminating it from a turf management program could be far more costly than the current price per bag.

Like many other businesses, a golf course relies on a certain cliental to insure consistent revenue. Without the golfer, there is no revenue. As the economy weakens, so does the discretionary income that is used for recreational activities. Golf courses generally have a certain value to the consumer based on course design, playing conditions and price. Once the playing conditions diminish, so does the value. Golf Course Superintendents are struggling to balance budgets and often asking whether fertility is worth the expense. 

If the golf course were not fertilized, the impacts would be noticeable and severe. Traffic areas would not recover. Diseases such as, Rusts, Dollar Spot, Red Thread and others associated with low nitrogen fertility would become problematic. The reactive approach for treating diseases would pose an economic impact when considering the cost for fungicides and their application. Perhaps the worse case scenario would be the long term effects of this risk. Once you have lost business or even worse, your reputation, it is difficult to get it back. While the idea to save money by cutting corners may have good intentions, the efforts could quickly backfire with the perception of a less than desirable facility. 

There are professional and effective methods for communicating and capturing returns under these adverse economic scenarios. Communication could be the one tool that proves most valuable. Making major adjustments or cuts without communicating them is not the correct approach. Monthly meetings, newsletters, monthly billings, scheduled walkthroughs are all opportunities to share information and invite positive feedback. It is not uncommon to adjust budgets throughout the season. These can be far less painful if properly communicated and would be less likely to generate an unpleasant phone call from an unhappy customer.  Yellow grass or dead grass on the other hand will almost always generate a phone call. 

Other ways to conserve when facing tight budget times is the use of the controlled release fertilizers. The initial cost may appear high but the cost average over several weeks is more economical. For example, fertilizer that is $30 per bag and lasts 10 weeks has an average cost of $3 per week. Whereas fertilize that is $20 per bag and lasts only 5 weeks has a weekly average cost of $4 per week. There is also a labor savings as fewer applications are needed on an annual basis. Equally important is doing your homework and buying quality fertilizer. There is a difference between slow release and controlled release. Generally, the more control the better. Ask your supplier the questions and challenge them to help you assemble a fertility program. You should expect the same level of service and quality from your supplier that your customers expect of you. 

There is no shortage of challenges facing the golf industry today. The cost of fuel, equipment and labor are continuing to soar. There are constructive methods for doing more with less. However, without a well orchestrated plan, proper management and a consistent long term approach, reducing or eliminating fertilizer could spell disaster. While all the soaring costs have raised several questions about whether you could afford to fertilize; A better question could be…could you afford not to? 



Keys to Protecting Your Most Valuable Resource -
Harnessing the Force of Habit

As a golf course superintendent, you know it’s important to be consistent with regular course maintenance. And, being smart about when, where and how your resources are applied, helps ensure your success at maintaining healthy, vibrant grounds. But what sort of focus is put on protecting your most valuable resource… the human bodies that are responsible for doing all the work?  If you are like most superintendents, providing safety training for your workers may not be your area of expertise.

The most common injuries occurring on golf courses (as well as almost all industries) are musculoskeletal injuries such as sprain/strain, cumulative trauma, and repetitive motion injuries. (50 to 70% of all work related injuries in the US are in this category).  These injuries are out pacing any other category by a huge margin, and they constitute the lion share of financial losses to industry.  These injuries are difficult to treat, and to the safety manager, they often seem to be even more difficult to prevent.  They can be prevented however, and the key to prevention is in the habits of the worker.

Put Less Stress “IN”
Just like in the golf swing, good posture begets good technique, and allows the body to exert maximum force with minimal stress and strain. Optimal lifting, pushing and pulling techniques will all share a key concept … the Power Posture of the spine . When the ear , shoulder and the hips are oriented in a straight line with each other, the spine is in its “power-posture”.   By maintaining “power-postures” of the spine and other joints (ie shoulder and wrist), the workers will enjoy maximum power with minimum effort, and minimum wear and tear on the body.

Three simple rules can be applied to any job task to ensure appropriate, safe technique: 1) keep the back straight [power posture]; 2) keep the load close, and 3) avoid twisting. 
Key concept:  Look at the task of shoveling.  Common habits of most workers breach all three of these rules, and put excessive loads in the low-back as a result. Where do you feel  “the burn”  when shoveling? If you answered: “In the low-back”, your technique is poor. If  you answered: “In the legs (quads)” your technique is good!
 

Get The Stress “OUT”
Stretching is a critical component of safe work habits..  When we stretch we increase blood flow to the tissues which brings oxygen and nutrients, and removes waste products. It helps the body to stay flexible and resistant to injury. Regular stretching therefore helps the body to recuperate and heal on a consistent basis, never allowing for the accumulation of stress, which is the primary causative agent of injury.
Key Concept: Stretching should not only be done at the beginning of the work day (a good idea), but also regularly throughout the day via micro-break stretching. And, stretching just before bedtime is a super productive habit!

Tools And Environments
Even with good technique and regular stretching, if we place an excessive demand on the body, we risk injury as a result. So if we can find ways of reducing the demand by improving environments, tools or equipment, we further protect ourselves and our workers from injury. 
Key Concept: Look to see if loads can be repositioned to minimize bending, reaching or twisting.  Keep an eye out for new designs on tools and equipment which improve the ergonomics of the job task..

The Key Is In The Habits
Taken collectively, the concepts listed above comprise what we call Smart Body Management habits.  When a worker minimizes physical stress on his body with good technique and good posture, stretches regularly to optimize healing and recuperation, and uses tools and environments to his advantage, he is a Smart Body Manager. 

Changing habits is a difficult thing for us humans to achieve. However, with focused training, practice, and ongoing reinforcement, you can help all of your employees to become smart body managers. This should be the goal, and the commitment, of your safety program.

Dr. Blackwelder is president of Injury Prevention Partners (IPP), and is a specialist in human biomechanics and ergonomics. IPP provides on-site, customized training to industry, and has developed specialized training programs for golf courses. Trainings can be delivered in either Spanish or English.  IPP can be reached on the web at www.ippartner.biz, or by phone at (949) 240-8355



"Raising Fuel Cost"

As gasoline prices reach $4 per gallon, Golf Courses are faced with either passing on fuel costs to their membership or customers or accepting lower profits for their businesses.
With gasoline prices near $4 a gallon across the United States, golf courses are feeling the pinch.. Prices are expected to rise even higher during the summer months. And get used to it—one middle-of-the-road prediction sees gas near $7 a gallon by 2012.

What are we go to do? Stop mowing, stop or cut-back on watering? Try to convince the golfers that BROWN is beautiful!

The golf course superintendent, needs to discover ways to save fuel. 
Shut mowers off when not mowing, don't let mowers sit an idle for extended periods. 
Educate the golf course employees on how to save fuel!

It used to be that the diesel powered units were cheaper to operate, not so today. Diesel fuel just passed the $5.00 a gallon price, and is also on the rise with gasoline.

What are you doing to combat the raising price of fuel?



OSHA's Small Business Outreach Training Program
OSHA's Small Business Outreach Training Program - The PDF format allows you to view and print formatted copies of topic discussions, overhead masters, and student handouts.
http://www.osha.gov/Publications/smallbusiness/small-business.pdf

News from the UCR Turfgrass Program
For the complete report, including all data, please see the February 2008 “News” which is available on the UCR Turf website (http://ucrturf.ucr.edu) under “Publications”.

E-Magazine                         Page 5 of 7
"California GCSA Supports Research"

The California GCSA is supporting the 2008 - 09 turfgrass & water research projects.

The turfgrass research project is "The Management and Biology of Brown Ring Patch on Annual Bluegrass Greens". Dr. Frank Wong's, UC Riverside. 

The Water research project is "The Fate and Transport of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Endocine Disrupting Compounds in Golf Courses Irrigated with Reuse Water". Mike McCullough, NCGA.



2007 Anguina Field Research Supporters 

The 2007 Anguina pacificae efficacy field trial as conducted on the 12th green at the Cypress Point Club.

The report contains 15 color photographs and colored highlights in 15 data tables and 11 figures.
For the best hard copy presentation of the report, please use a quality color printer.

Thanks again for your participation in the trial.
The final report for the 2007 Anguina pacificae efficacy field trial.

Let me know if you have any questions or comments.
Mike McCullough: mike@ncga.org


Manage and identify insects, mites, diseases, nematodes, weeds, and vertebrates

Homes, gardens, landscapes, and turf (including Pest Notes)
Agriculture and floriculture (Pest Management Guidelines) 
Use tools to help make decisions

Weather data and products 
Degree-days
Interactive tools and models

Research tools and databases: California pesticide use summaries

UC Riverside Weekly Turf Disease Update
For the latest Weekly Turf Diseases found in California, visit: http://www.californiagcsa.org/turf_research.htm


PACE TURF MANAGEMENT CHECKLIST FOR SUMMER
Preventive Approach Advised by PACE TURFGRASS RESEARCH INSTITUTE
A copy of this article is posted in the PACE Newsroom at: www.paceturf.org
For more information, Call: (858) 272-9897, 
Email gelernt@paceturf.org OR visit the PACE web site www.paceturf.org
E-Magazine                                Page 6 of 7
Recycled Water Manager for the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD)
Cross-Connection Control Tests for Recycled Water Users

Recycled water users must have their irrigation distribution systems checked annually for potential cross-connection situations and perform a cross-connection control shutdown test every four years, as required by the Regional Water Quality Control Board. However, the most important benefit of performing the cross-connection control test is being able to provide proof that public health is protected from actual or potential cross-connections. As you know, recycled water is considered nonpotable water, and therefore must not be cross-connected with the drinking or potable water system at any time. 
Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations defines cross-connection as “an unprotected actual or potential connection between a potable water system used to supply water for drinking purposes and any source or system containing unapproved water or a substance that is not or cannot be approved as safe, wholesome, and potable.” 

How do cross-connections occur? Sometimes piping is installed by someone who is unaware of the dangers of cross-connections; there are also times when connections are made as a simple matter of convenience, without regard to the dangerous situation that it might be creating; there are occasions where, without proper research, people have connected to recycled water systems, unaware that the pipe carries recycled water instead of potable water. Pipes designed to carry recycled water are typically colored purple or wrapped with a purple marker. There are locations where the pipe has not been converted to purple or the marker is gone and this leads to a higher probability for a cross-connection to occur. Also, modified connections to piping may be made with reliance on an inadequate protection valve or other mechanical device allowing for a potential cross-connection. 

If any of the above situations is true, there is a potential for backflow to occur. Water pressure tends to want to equalize, therefore water will flow from high to low pressure areas. During a backflow, water is forced to flow the opposite direction whether caused by backpressure, back siphonage, vacuum, or reverse flow. The term backflow means any unwanted flow of nonpotable water into a potable water system. The direction of flow under these conditions is in the reverse direction than that intended by the system. Backflow of water has the potential to cause public health hazards if it contains a pollutant and/or a contaminant which impairs water quality. 

The water supplier is responsible for protecting quality of the public water supply from hazards and contamination by implementation of a cross-connection control program. For recycled water users, a cross-connection program typically consists of annual surveys and performing control tests at least once every four years. These tests are conducted by an American Waterworks Association (AWWA) certified cross-connection control program specialist or equivalent. Among other things, during each of these tests the AWWA specialist looks for proper backflow prevention devices, proper identification of recycled water irrigation system pipes, valves, and other appurtenances. Any locations of overspray, runoff, and ponding of recycled water are noted.  New modifications of the irrigation system are closely examined for cross-connection potential.  Recycled water use signs are checked for visibility and legibility. 

The four year cross-connection control test, also called a shutdown test, is a more extensive and lengthy process than the annual survey. This test is required to be completed by the wastewater discharge permit for recycled water users and it ensures that the irrigation system is secure and not susceptible to a cross-connection situation; and that public health is not compromised. The following is the basic process that is followed for the shutdown test:

A test procedure is developed and proposed to be completed; the proposed test procedures are sent to the California Department of Public Health for approval; upon their approval of the proposed test procedures, the recycled water user is notified and the shutdown test is performed. During this shutdown test, pressure recorders are strategically placed on the irrigation system and the irrigation system is turned off for a period of time. The pressure recorders are then checked for spikes which would indicate that water is flowing from the potable system to the irrigation system, signifying a potential cross-connection. Then the process is repeated on the domestic water system. The domestic water system is shut down while the recycled system is cycled through all operating modes. The charts from the recorders that do not have spikes are proof that during the cross-connection test, no cross-connection has occurred. Although it seems to be an inconvenience, the test fulfills the requirements of the recycled water user’s permit and is far better than being faced with a public health hazard. 

The recycled water user has cross-connection responsibilities, as well. Recycled water users must designate someone as their on-site recycled water supervisor. The general wastewater discharge requirements for recycled water users outline the responsibilities of the on-site supervisors. At the Coachella Valley Water District (in Riverside County), staff works closely with the on-site supervisor, who typically is responsible for the installation, operation and maintenance of the recycled water irrigation system. In addition, the on-site supervisor ensures that personnel are familiar with the locations of the domestic and recycled lines to ensure that the potable and recycled systems are not interconnected and that the staff is safe from health hazards. 
AWWA certified cross-connection control program specialists and on-site recycled water supervisors work together to identify and prevent potential cross-connection situations from occurring. In order to combat the dangers of cross-connection and backflow connections, education, recognition of potential problems and prevention of cross-connection are necessary. Those making modifications to the recycled water distribution system need to understand that hydraulic and pollution factors may combine to produce a public health hazard, when a cross-connection situation is occurring. There are reliable and simple standard backflow prevention devices available.

It is also necessary to understand that if improper methods are substituted for convenience, a direct cross-connection may occur. The hazards resulting from direct cross-connections greatly outweigh any convenience gained. So, together, AWWA specialist and the on-site supervisor check the irrigation distribution system visually and physically for areas that may cause a potential cross-connection.
Recycled water users are required to have a cross-connection test performed to prove that there is no interconnection between the potable and recycled water systems. Although it may seem like a burden, the alternative consequence is worse. The Regional Water Quality Control Board’s Wastewater Discharge Requirements Permits, Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations, and the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 all include regulations on cross-connection prevention. The cross-connection program is highly regulated to ensure the safety of public health. Please check with your recycled water provider, domestic water purveyor, and Regional Water Quality Control Board for more information about the Cross-Connection Program in your area. Cross-connection information also is available on the Internet. 

The “Purple Book,” which contains the California Health Laws Related to Recycled Water, is available at www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Documents/Recharge/Purplebookupdate6-01.PDF and the EPA’s Cross Connection Control Manual can be found at www.epa.gov/ogwdw/crossconnection.html. 

Olivia Daniels,
Recycled Water Manager
Coachella Valley Water District
(760) 398-2661 ext. 3586
odaniels@cvwd.org



Keep your yard looking great 
and save hundreds of dollars a year

Did you know that over half of household water use, on average, goes to maintaining yards and landscapes? That’s why improving outdoor watering efficiency by installing a “smart” sprinkler controller is one of the best and easiest ways for homeowners to reduce their overall water usage, save money and keep their yards healthy and beautiful throughout the year.

How “smart” sprinkler controllers help
reduce water usage
“Smart” sprinkler controllers reduce outdoor water use by monitoring and using information about site conditions (such as soil moisture, rain, wind, slope, soil, plant type, and more), and applying the right amount of water based on those factors—not too much and not too little—to maintain healthy growing conditions. For example:

During hot weather, plants require more water than during cooler periods. “Smart” controllers adjust the amount of water applied accordingly. 
If significant rainfall occurs, rain sensors compensate by reducing the amount of water as appropriate. 
If you have a soil type that absorbs water very slowly or a property with steep slopes, “smart” controllers will use that information and apply less water, more frequently, to minimize run-off. 
Learn more about “smart” sprinkler controllers 
Frequently Asked Questions 
Read our “smart” sprinkler controller success stories 
“Smart” sprinkler controller tips
Recommendations for getting the most out of your “smart” sprinkler controller:

Conduct a Sprinkler System Inspection: “Smart” controllers work properly only when the entire sprinkler system is working optimally. That’s why it’s important to conduct a full sprinkler system inspection, or audit, prior to installing a new “smart” controller. The system audit will check for leaks, malfunctioning hardware, water pressure, site coverage and uniformity, and other related issues that might impact the effectiveness of your entire system. Repairing these problems will ensure your “smart” controller is able to deliver the benefits promised. 

Work with a Professional: “Smart” sprinkler controllers are generally only available through irrigation or landscape contractors. The Irrigation Association® has compiled a list of professionals who are certified to install “smart” irrigation controllers. To locate an Irrigation Association certified professional, or to confirm the status of any irrigation contractor in your area, please consult our list of Certified Professionals.

Do Your Homework: Landscape and irrigation professionals often refer to sprinklers as “irrigation systems.” The Irrigation Association®, a non-profit organization supporting water conservation through efficient irrigation, has published an Irrigation Consumer Bill of Rights to educate consumers about the questions to ask prospective contractors before purchasing a new sprinkler system. Before beginning any work, be sure to confirm that your contractor is specifically trained in the installation of the “smart” controller they have selected.
What makes smart controllers "smart"? 
| © 2006 IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION® ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.  |  PRIVACY, SECURITY AND LEGAL NOTICE

E-Magazine                              Page 7 of 7
Moisture Sensor
When precision irrigation decisions count, the Field Scout TDR Series offers growers a tool to eliminate the guesswork. Based on proven time-domain measurement technology, these portable units accurately measure soil moisture across the full range of soil moisture conditions. Select from the 7.5, 12 or 20-cm (3, 4.8 or 8-inch) probe rods to suit your desired depth measurement. Install PVC access tubes and take readings deeper in the soil profile.

The TDR 300 has two volumetric water content modes; one for standard soils and one for higher clay soils. In volumetric water content (VWC) mode, the meter converts a measured electrical signal into percent soil moisture content using an equation valid over a wide range of mineral soils. In irrigation mode, the meter displays a relative water content (RWC) on a scale of 0 to 100 corresponding to a user-defined upper and lower soil moisture reference level. Water deficit, the amount of water needed to bring the soil moisture content up to the upper reference level, is also calculated and displayed. The reference levels are easily programmed into the meter with the accompanying software. Create up to 2 management sites based on your soil types and crop needs. Use the raw reading mode (measurement period in microseconds) to do soil-specific calibrations.

Irrigation & Soil Moisture Solutions >>> View Here

Copyright © 2008 Spectrum Technologies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
12360 South Industrial Dr., East - Plainfield, Illinois 60585
(800) 248-8873 / (815) 436-4440    Fax: (815) 436-4460
info@specmeters.com

 

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Editor, Troy Mullane,  Publisher, Robert J Tillema, CGCS
California GCSA
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